What are PFAS &
why is it important to remove them

What are PFAS and why is it important to remove them from the water supply?

PFAS are a large group of synthetic chemicals, widely used since the 1940s, often called “forever chemicals” because they don’t easily degrade and remain highly persistent in the human body and natural world. [1]

Once released in the environment, whether during manufacturing or from consumer product, PFAS are highly mobile, easily contaminating water sources and remaining intact for very long time. They have been detected in ecosystems worldwide, including remote regions like the Arctic, as well as in the blood and breast milk of both humans and wildlife.

Since water treatment plants struggle to effectively remove PFAS, contamination of drinking water is an increasing concern.

What exactly are PFAS?

PFAS (Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances), often referred to as “forever chemicals,” are a vast group of over 10,000 synthetic compounds containing carbon-fluorine bonds, one of the strongest in organic chemistry. These highly persistent chemicals do not naturally occur in the environment. [2]

Since their introduction in the 1940s, PFAS have rapidly increase in both number and name, becoming widely used across various industries.

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The chemistry of PFAS

PFAS chemicals are categorised into two main groups: polymers and non-polymers.

  • Polymers – such as PTFE, FEP, ETFE, and PFA, are considered “polymers of low concern” due to their high molecular weight and chemical stability. These substances are less likely to break down or pose immediate risks.
  • Non-polymers- are more concerning and extensively studied, as they are more prevalent at PFAS contamination sites and are frequently detected in both humans and the environment. [3]

Some of the well-known include PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate). They were widely used in the past, but are now banned in many countries, including the UK, due to their harmful effects.

How PFAS enter the human body?

  • Drinking Water – Contaminated water supplies are a primary route of exposure.
  • Food – PFAS can transfer from food packaging (e.g., fast-food wrappers, microwave popcorn bags) or accumulate in fish and crops from polluted areas.
  • Household Products – Items like non-stick cookware, stain-resistant carpets, and waterproof clothing can release PFAS over time.
  • Air & Dust – Indoor dust from treated furniture, carpets, and household goods may contain PFAS, leading to inhalation or ingestion.
  • Occupational Exposure – Workers in industries such as manufacturing, firefighting, and chemical production may face higher exposure levels.

Because PFAS resist degradation, they gradually build up in the body, increasing concerns over potential long-term health effects.

How harmful are PFAS?

Scientists are still exploring the mechanisms behind PFAS toxicity. Studies indicate a link between increased exposure to specific PFAS and various health effects, including:

Kidney and testicular cancer Liver damage Hormonal imbalances Weakened immune system High cholesterol & heart disease Ulcerative colitis Obesity Reduced vaccine effectiveness

Ongoing research suggest PFAS may also impact the nervous system, metabolism, and autoimmune responses, though further research is needed to fully understand their long-term effects. [5]

Regulation of PFAS

In August 2024, the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) introduced updated guidelines for PFAS levels in drinking water. Under these new regulations, the combined concentration of 48 monitored PFAS chemicals must not exceed 100 ng/L (0.1 parts per billion) in England and Wales, effective January 1, 2025. [6]

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PFAS Removing Water Treatment Solutions from Pedrollo Distribution

Minimising PFAS exposure and tackling their environmental presence is crucial for safeguarding long-term health. Drinking water remains the primary source of PFAS contamination, making effective filtration essential. Our specialized water treatment solutions are designed to efficiently remove PFAS from drinking water,

Addressing PFAS contamination is critical to ensuring long-term health and environmental safety, with drinking water being the primary source of exposure. Our advanced water treatment solutions are designed to effectively remove(reduce) PFAS, ensuring compliance with safety standards and protecting both businesses and consumers.

References

  • https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/poly-and-perfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-sources-pathways-and-environmental-data/poly-and-perfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-sources-pathways-and-environmental-data-summary
  • https://chemtrust.org/pfas/
  • https://dwi.gov.uk/pfas-and-forever-chemicals/
  • https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/poly-and-perfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-sources-pathways-and-environmental-data/poly-and-perfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas-sources-pathways-and-environmental-data-summary
  • https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7906952/
  • https://www.rsc.org/policy-evidence-campaigns/environmental-sustainability/sustainability-reports-surveys-and-campaigns/cleaning-up-uk-drinking-water/

Contact us

PFAS removal is just one of many water treatment systems we can offer.

Please call Jason Humphries on 07958701744 for more information.

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